What is late roman shields?

Late Roman shields, also known as scuta, were typically oval or rectangular in shape and made of wood with a metal boss or umbo in the center. The shields were covered with layers of leather or canvas that were painted with designs or symbols to distinguish units within the army.

The size of late Roman shields varied depending on their use. Infantry shields were larger and heavier, measuring around 4 feet tall and 2.5 to 3 feet wide, while cavalry shields were smaller and more maneuverable, measuring around 3 feet tall and 2 feet wide.

The design of the scutum evolved over time, with later versions featuring a curved shape that provided better protection for the soldier's body. Additionally, some shields were reinforced with metal edges or bands to provide extra protection against blows from weapons like swords and spears.

Late Roman shields were an important part of the army's defensive strategy, and soldiers were trained to use them in formation to create a shield wall or testudo (tortoise) formation that provided protection from enemy projectiles.